检查井是城市地下管网相连接的管网汇合枢纽，是便于定期检查、清洁和疏通管道的工作站。凡是安埋有给水、排水、电信、电力、燃气、供热、消防和环卫等公用管网设施的地方都需要安装检查井。排水用检查井是城市中最常用的检查井。检查井是管道系统和城市道路的重要组成部分。要想避免各种低质量问题和确保检查井工程施工质量,必须采取合理的施工技术和管理方法。目前,随着人们生活水品不断提高,城市化进程的不断加快,加强市政检查井工程的质量管理就显得更具有十分重要的意义。本文首先论述了市政检查井施工质量对城市发展的重要性,然后又分析了该工程在施工时管理存在的安全隐患,最后根据存在的一些隐患提出了一些安全管理对策"

The inspection well is the junction hub of the underground pipe network connected to the city, which is a workstation for regular inspection, cleaning and dredging of pipelines. Inspection wells must be installed in places where public utilities such as water supply, drainage, telecommunications, electricity, gas, heating, fire protection and environmental sanitation are buried. Inspection wells for drainage are the most commonly used inspection wells in cities. Inspection well is an important part of pipeline system and urban road. In order to avoid all kinds of low quality problems and ensure the quality of inspection well construction, reasonable construction techniques and management methods must be adopted. At present, with the continuous improvement of people's living water and the accelerating process of urbanization, it is of great significance to strengthen the quality management of municipal inspection well engineering. This article first discusses the importance of the construction quality of the municipal inspection well to the city development, and then analyses the hidden danger of the project in the construction management, and finally puts forward some safety management countermeasures according to some hidden dangers.

作者简介

A brief introduction to the author

张加宾

Zhang Jia bin

男  现就职于青岛市政空间开发集团有限责任公司道桥分公司道路整治项目部，现任道路整治项目部项目经理。2013年毕业于山东交通学院道路桥梁工程技术专业，注册二级建造师（市政、公路）。现主要从事道路整治项目施工管理等工作。

Male is now working in the road improvement project Department of Refco Group Ltd road and Bridge Branch of Qingdao municipal space development, and is currently the project manager of road improvement project department. In 2013, he graduated from the road and bridge engineering technology major of Shandong Jiaotong University, and registered two grade builders (municipal and highway). Now it is mainly engaged in the construction management of road improvement projects.

 

It

 城市道路路面上密布着各类管线检查井，由于在施工过程中存在着质量控制不到位等问题，再加上道路使用过程中长期的荷载作用，导致检查井本身和井周路面的病害现象极为普遍。检查井周围路面的塌陷、烂边、裂缝以及检查井井具破坏”一直是长期困扰城市道路设施建设和维修养护的“顽症”。检查井的病害严重影响了道路的平整度，降低了道路通行的舒适性和安全性，同时也会缩短道路的使用寿命。

All kinds of pipeline inspection wells are densely distributed on the road surface of the city. Due to the lack of quality control in the process of construction, and the long term load action in the course of road use, the diseases of the inspection well itself and the surface of the well are very common. The collapse of the pavement, the rotten edge, the crack and the damage of the well well have always been a "stubborn disease" which has plagued the construction and maintenance of urban road facilities for a long time. The disease of the inspection well seriously affects the smoothness of the road, reduces the comfort and safety of the road, and shortens the service life of the road.

 1造成路面检查井周围不平整的主要因素

Main factors causing roughness of pavement inspection wells 1

调查发现，90%以上的城市道路检查井存在不同程度的沉降问题。在下沉检查井井盖周边 10 ～ 25 厘米范围内路面出现圆形裂缝，并下沉成为城市道路上的一个个“肚脐眼”。不平整的路表面会增大行车阻力，并使车辆产生附加振动，影响行车速度、行车安全以及驾驶的平稳性。振动作用还会对路面施加冲击力，从而加剧路面病害和汽车轮胎的磨损。造成检查井周围路面不平整的原因是多方面的，涉及检查井设计、检查井材料、路基处理、路面及井座安装等多方面因素。

The survey found that more than 90% of the urban road inspection wells have different degrees of settlement. Within the circumcrest of the inspection well cover 10~25 centimeters around the road surface cracks appear, and sink into a city road "belly button". The uneven road surface will increase the resistance of the train and cause additional vibration to the vehicle, which will affect the speed of running, the safety of driving and the smoothness of driving. Vibration also exerts impact on the road surface, thus aggravating pavement distress and tire wear. There are many reasons for the unevenness of the pavement surrounding the inspection well, which involve the design of the well, the material of the well, the treatment of the subgrade, the installation of the pavement and the well.

一

One

施工方面的影响

Influence on Construction

1 施工质量未达到要求

1 the quality of construction has not reached the requirement

检查井基坑开挖尺寸偏小，回填质量受到影响。在检查井施工回填过程中，应该清除表层渣土，更换级配良好的土。由于检查井四周回填土数量很小，在很多施工现场并没有把好质量关，往往把表层渣土、砌筑检查井的碎砖石和其他杂土等都回填在检查井四周，这些杂填土在施工时很难被压实，达不到施工规程所要求的压实标准，因而在道路使用过程中会发生明显的沉降，引起地面下沉。另外，由于道路施工招聘的农民工流动性较大，各专业班组人员不固定，工人责任心不强，从而导致在升井施工中操作人员操作水平不一致，使得部分井筒不平整，在安装井座后，因受力不均而导致井座断裂而下沉。

The excavation size of the inspection well is small, and the quality of backfill is affected. In the process of backfilling, the surface soil should be removed to replace the well graded soil. Because the number of backfill soil around the inspection well is very small and there is no good quality control at many construction sites, the surface residual soil, masonry and other clutter are filled around the inspection well, which are difficult to be compacted in construction, so that the compaction standards required by the construction rule are not reached, so the road is not required. In the course of using the road, there will be obvious settlement, causing the ground to sink. In addition, as the mobility of the migrant workers in the road construction is larger, the staff of various professional groups are not fixed, and the workers' responsibility is not strong, which leads to the uneven operation level of the operators in the construction of the well, which makes some wellbore unevenness. After the installation of the well, it causes the fracture to sink and sink because of the uneven force.

2 施工工艺缺陷

2 defects in construction process

按照传统混凝土路面检查井井座安装工艺，一般就是在底层沥青摊铺后采用与井筒同强度的混凝土将井筒升到位，然后将检查井井座直接安装在井筒上，随后铺筑面层沥青。城市道路施工一般受工期限制，在混凝土强度未达到设计要求时即开始铺筑面层沥青，从而造成砌体破坏、井座下沉，引起检查井周围路面不平整。摊铺面层沥青混合料时，若沥青混合料碾压不足，在车辆荷载的作用下检查井与周围路面衔接处极易产生下陷，破坏路面，严重影响路面平整度。底层沥青摊铺后，有的施工单位在安装检查井井座时只考虑框比周边底层沥青面高出面层沥青厚度，而未充分考虑检查井在整个路幅的位置面层沥青的摊铺方式，导致面层沥青铺筑成型后井框与路面不平整。

According to the traditional concrete pavement inspection well base installation technology, generally, the well bore is used with the same strength of the wellbore after the asphalt paving at the bottom, then the check well seat is installed directly on the wellbore, and then the surface layer asphalt is laid. The construction of urban road is generally limited by the period of time. When the concrete strength has not reached the design requirement, it begins to build the surface layer asphalt, which causes the damage of the masonry and the sinking of the shaft, which causes the roughness of the pavement around the inspection well. If the asphalt mixture is not enough to be crushed under the asphalt mixture, it is easy to check the joint of the well and the surrounding pavement under the action of the vehicle load, which will cause the collapse of the pavement and destroy the pavement, which seriously affects the pavement evenness. After the bottom asphalt paving, some construction units only consider the asphalt thickness of the high out layer of the surrounding bottom asphalt when installing the well base, but not fully consider the paving method of the asphalt in the position surface of the inspection well, which leads to the unevenness of the well frame and the pavement after the formation of the surface layer.

二

Two

规划设计方面的影响

The impact of planning and design

1 检查井是城市道路的薄弱点

1 the inspection well is the weak point of the urban road

若设计不合理，极易引起周围路面破坏，影响行车安全和舒适。一些施工单位在进行线型设计时没有综合考虑各种因素，检查井的位置、间距设计不符合规范要求。比如，把检查井设置在快车道上，检查井容易在车辆荷载的反复作用下产生沉陷，导致路面不平整。规划设计的不合理性也会导致道路结构设计的不合理。有的道路两边建筑物限制了道路宽度，在结构设计时所有雨污水管道均布置在道路中间或靠近中间，而这段区域正是行车频繁区域，这是导致检查井沉降原因之一。

If the design is unreasonable, it will easily cause damage to the surrounding road surface and affect the safety and comfort of driving. Some construction units did not consider all kinds of factors when carrying out linear design. The location and spacing design of inspection wells did not meet the requirements of codes. For example, setting the inspection well on the fast lane, the inspection well is prone to subsidence under repeated action of vehicle load, resulting in uneven road surface. The unreasonableness of planning and design will also lead to unreasonable design of road structure. Some roads on both sides of the road restrict the width of the road. All the rainwater pipes are arranged in the middle or near the middle of the road when the structure is designed, which is one of the reasons for the settlement of the inspection well.

2 检查井井框直径与设计井筒直径不匹配

2 the diameter of the check well frame does not match the diameter of the design well.

近几年来，许多地区

In recent years, many areas